What Responsibilities Do Ethnographers Have On The World

What responsibilities do ethnographers have to interpret the world and to change the world? The content, structure and function of ethnography are widely debated throughout anthropology. Very broadly, Ethnography can be defined as â€Å"an account resulting from having done fieldwork† (Marcus Cushman, 1982: p26) but what is perhaps more interesting is how they define Ethnographic Realism: â€Å"a mode of writing that seeks to represent the reality of a whole world or form of life† (Marcus Cushman, 1982: p26). What is intriguing about this method is it suggests an ethnographer’s role is one of an observer and reporter, not that of an activist. In the first part of this essay I intend to explore the obligations and duties Ethnographers have when interpreting the people that they study. I will then go on to explore the implications that this has in their capacity to change the world. I shall be exploring this topic from the perspective that ethnographers have a co mmitment to portraying the societies they study accurately, without attempting to alter their values. The first question I would like to address is: do Ethnographers have a responsibility to interpret the communities that they study? One could argue that Ethnographers have no responsibility to interpret the world of others or that they do not need to interpret what they have found truthfully. No matter how objective they attempt to be, we are always seeing the ethnographer’s interpretation of a society not witnessing itShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Pros and Cons of Ethnographic Reflexivity849 Words   |  4 Pagesrecognizes that texts do not simply and transparently report an independent order of reality. Rather, the texts themselves are implicated in the work of reality-construction (Emerson et. al., 1995:213). According to Robert M. Emerson and colleagues, reflexivity is a method in which the ethnographer is aware that his/her writing choices are shaped to acknowledge the ethnographers presence in the culture being studied. Thus, while writing and analyzing fieldnotes, the ethnographer-as-author grows increasinglyRead MoreA Research Study On Anthropology And Sociology1308 Words   |  6 Pagespractice the matter or difficult under revision. They do not bring persons into a laboratory with (an unnatural condition), nor do they characteristically refer out devices for persons to complete (Creswell, 2014). This up close evidence collected by actually speaking straight to individuals and seeing them conduct them self and performance inside their situation is a chief representative of qualitative research. In the normal location, the researchers have direct communication, frequently over a periodRead MoreEssay Malinowskis Participant-Observation in Modern Anthropology2209 Words   |  9 Page sparticipant-observation sit in the landscape of modern anthropological fieldwork? A primary objective of the modern ethnographer is to glean insights into the ways people relate to and interact with one another and the world around them. Through participant-observation, Malinowski (1922) offered a valuable tool with which to uncover these insights and understandings, the ethnographer. The ethnographer as research tool has become the basis of much modern anthropological research. As a method, it was a radicalRead MoreAn Analysis Of Nancy Scheper Hughes Article1270 Words   |  6 Pageswitness does not allow you to fully understand what you’re studying and reduces the â€Å"subject† to â€Å"objects†. Her approach changed when a fight broke out between her research assistant and the women of shantytown in Northeast Brazil. â€Å"Why had she refused to work with them when they had been so willing to work with her? Didn’t she care about them or their lives, their suffering, their struggle?† (P. 410) Just standing by watching the suffering was what she felt that she was doing. She states that herRead MoreThe Relationship Between Flexibility Benefits Used And Work Family Conflict1433 Words   |  6 Pagesbalance family time and the responsibilities of their chosen career without creating disturbance within their home. As a way to lessen these disputes corporations have begun to provide certain benefits, organizations, and flexible work arrangements to their employees. However, in recent studies that examine the use of flexible work arrangements and reduced levels of work-family conflict no significant results of reduced disturbance has been reported (Cicei, 2015). Since there have been no significant resultsRead MoreAnalysis Of Eileen Chang s Red Rose, White Rose1448 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"When a man is longing to have sex with a woman, he becomes interested in her soul, and deceives himself that he is in love with that soul; only after possessing her body, he can forget about her soul. Perhaps this is the only way to liberate himself.† This is a famous quote from the novel â€Å"Red Rose, White Rose† written by Eileen Chang, one of the most influential contemporary Chinese female writers. There is no doubt that some modern critics and feminists may point out that this idea of gender roleRead MoreThe s Work Sex And Temperament1969 Words   |  8 PagesSecondly, I chose Mead’s work Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies, because it â€Å"completed the trilogy on these native cultures† (Flaherty 2002, 1). Simply put, not only do these works play a significant role in Mead’s life, but they hardly represent all of what Mead has done. In this anthropological research, Mead observes three tribes, â€Å"(1) the Arapesh, a hill tribe near the coast of Aitape, in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea, (2) the Mundugumor, on the Yuat (Dà ¶rferfluss), the secondRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Society1828 Words   |  8 PagesTechnology has played a pivotal role in the socioeconomic development of virtually every modern country. Technology allows humanity to do more with less, thereby speeding up the pace of production and accomplishment. It changes the perception of the nation-state, giving significantly more power to emerging multinational corporations. As a result, governments no longer have as much control over their citizens, whose jobs, households, and futures are controlled by these large companies. With the rise ofRead MoreNon Corporations And Its Impact On Fostering Change2193 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract Despite the fact that many organizations have embraced the new management strategies in reflexivity, there are still countless issues in the same regard. It is also vital to remember that for an entity to remain competitive in the market, it must formulate workable management strategies. In this survey, it is demonstrated that it is the sole responsibility of the reflexive managers to make sure that there is a flow of communication pattern in the company. The models include the researchRead MoreA Brief Note On The And Social Science1880 Words   |  8 Pagesthese groups are the way they are and do the things they do. Ethnographies may take many different forms and take form on many different topics. These topics can range anywhere from sororities or fraternities to certain religions or cultures to cults or gangs and to many others. The type of ethnography that will be discussed is one on gangs. Dr. Jody Miller is a criminology professor at Rutgers University s School of Criminal Justice. She is also an ethnographer and wrote â€Å"One of the Guys: Girls,

The Justice System Processed Youth Minorities - 1323 Words

Over the course of the semester, when thinking about a topic for this term paper, I knew I wanted to study and evaluate the reasons why minorities are overrepresented and the way the justice system processed youth minorities in comparison to their white peers. Without any previous experiences with the juvenile justice system, it has been very easy to see that minorities are not treated the same way and that there is indeed, an over-representation of minorities in the system. I realized it when I spent a morning in the Juvenile Justice court as well as when I visited detention centers in both West Philadelphia and in El Paso, Texas. Most of the kids I saw in these facilities, if not all, were either Black or Latino. In a country that pledges allegiance to the flag, with supposedly justice for all, where police forces and judges claims to treat everybody fairly with respect, how can we get to a point where minorities are clearly over-represented in comparison to the overall population of the country? This paper aims at understanding why are we in this current situation, what do we know about it and finally how can we remediate and reduce this issue that has been underlined for years by the public in both the political and judicial sphere. 2) Problem Description: For decades, racial inequalities among Black and Latinos are documented and it is easy to identify the trends in both arrests and incarcerations. America’s complicated history with black communities, and the historicShow MoreRelatedDisproportionate Minority Contact739 Words   |  3 PagesDisproportionate Minority Contact Minority youth are disproportionately represented throughout juvenile justice systems in nearly every state in the nation. Disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in juvenile justice occurs when minority youth come into contact with the system at a higher rate than their white counterparts. African-Americans, Hispanics, Asians, Pacific Islanders and Native Americans comprise a combined one-third of the nations youth population. Yet they account for over two-thirdsRead MoreMinority Minorities And The Juvenile Justice System900 Words   |  4 PagesDisproportionate Minority Contact Minority children are exposed to the juvenile justice system at a higher percentage than their white peers. Minority children are over represented at every level of the judicial process. Minority children are more likely to be charged, detained, and confined. The proportion of minorities increases as each level becomes more restrictive. Research also indicates that minority children receive harsher treatment than Caucasian children do. Minority children are moreRead MoreChild Co Workers : An Overview1259 Words   |  6 PagesThere are programs that help youth changes the way they think and help them make the right choices. These programs are also designed to help with the rate of juvenile activity. The types of services and programs that are to the youth and families help with the changes being made. The two different programs that will be discussed are: Diversion Programs: An Overview in Baltimore, MD The diversion program involves individuals, parents, and family counseling to the youth groups. The most successful programsRead MoreImmigration Has Increased Through Out The Years And President Trump1139 Words   |  5 PagesHispanic youth have with the Juvenile Justice system. Hockenberry and Puzzanchera (2016) based themselves on sample data reported to the National Juvenile Court Data Archive from more than 1,200 counties with jurisdiction over 75% of the U.S Hispanic youth population at risk of juvenile court involvement. The results for this sample are those caseloads that happened during 2013. Findings from this sample portray that Hispanic youth is accounted for 26% of all delinquency cases processed, about one-thirdRead MoreDisproportionate Minority Contact ( Dmc ) Is A Phenomenon That Occurs Within The Criminal Justice System Essay1923 Words   |  8 Pages Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) is a phenomenon that occurs within the criminal justice system. DMC is exhibited through the high percentages of minority contact statistically when compared to predictions that are based on the minority populations within certain communities. DMC is even prevalent in the juvenile justice system that has been created here in America. Disproportionate minority contact is a national, state and local issue that has been discussed for years. The government hasRead MoreEssay on Kentucky Department of Juvenile Justice1997 Words   |  8 PagesOffice of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention found that high numbers of detention orders were being issued for status youth statewide. The main issue of concern was the valid court order exception to the DSO core requirement was used 2,000 times. This allowed judges to order non-delinquent youth in locked detention facility whose most serious violations involved repeat offenses of running away, skippin g school or being rebelling against authority figures. The disturbing thing about thisRead More Gang membership, Drug Selling, and Violence in Neighborhood Context1535 Words   |  7 Pagesshow the limitations of the criminal justice system in helping people like Regina and Smiley. They offer distorted and different views on the meaning of justice and reform. President’s Commission model (Shelden, Brown, Miller, Fitzler, p. 4) outlines the criminal justice system as a single chain of commands that give each case same attention and suggests great efficiency. However this view of this system is far from true. People are processed through this system like pigs in a factory, chopped andRead MoreMinorities and Justice Essay1793 Words   |  8 PagesMinorities and Justice Television shows such as Dateline, 60 Minutes and 20/20 have often aired segments on discrimination within the justice system through hidden cameras recording police behavior towards minorities, interviews with minorities falsely accused or mistreated, and by referring to capital punishment statistics seemingly biased especially towards blacks. 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When a juvenile offender commits a crime and is sentenced to jail or reform school, the offender goes to a separate jail or reforming place than an adult. It hasn’t always been this way. Until the early 1800’s juveniles were tried just like everyone else. Today, that is not the case. This paper will explain the reforms that have taken place within the criminal justice system that developed the juvenile justice system. Before the

Rubber Company Free Essays

Atlas Tire and Rubber Company 1) What were Atlas’ major challenges prior to the promotion of Walter Harrison as CEO? The main challenges faced by Atlas’ were competitive and financial challenges. As for the first time from 1905 the company was facing losses for consecutive 2 years in row as the company was facing a severe downturn. This was all because of the new challenges, which the company was facing due to their growth and expansion policies The company was also facing the competitive challenges from the low prices import products which were affecting their price strategy resulting in low profits, heavy slump in the automotive market in America also pulled back Atlas to regain its flagship. We will write a custom essay sample on Rubber Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to all these the stock prices dropped down to 20 years low resulting in cutting down of credit rating to junk – bond status. So during this declining phase, the company needs some major transformational changes so that Atlas can regain its position and pride back. 2) Why did Harrison focus on an integrated supply chain as a significant element of Atlas’ new strategic plan? As Harrison and his team found that Atlas lacked integrated supply chain capabilities due to which disjointed distribution network was there and various third – partly logistic companies were used which lead to many problems and challenges. And logistics was only considered as a storage and distribution function rather than a strategic supply chain process. As Harrison came out with a strategic plan â€Å" Seven Principle of Growth† for turning around the Atlas’s fate. Harrison special focused on a superior and integrated supply chain. He focused on Integrated Supply Chain because he strongly feels that this would streamline the order and its fulfillment process so that they can be more accurate and easy to use because of their simplicity. The main focus was to deliver â€Å"the right tire to the right place at the right time while keeping costs and inventories low. † Harrison wants to create an extra edge over the other tire manufacturers by creating the much better service capabilities. 3) What did the UST President, Michael Brogran, do to better understand customer needs? UST business defines Atlas’ s U. S. Tire business, which has the worth of producing, and selling 100 million tires per year and was generating approximately 50 percent of Atlas Revenue. Michael Brogran strongly feels that the superior supply chain was a vision that existed only on paper so he just made a team to understand customer needs in a better way. The main step the team had taken was to work across customer verticals, which were Consumer tires, Commercial Tires and Off Highway Tires. This structure help Atlas to better understand the customer needs in different segment and to meet them in different ways as needs were also different. As the part of this new alignment to understand consumers needs better Brogran facilitates cross company collaboration to identify interactions and collaboration and to share the best practices so that every department can better understand their customer needs for better visibility and control. 4) How did USTSC address the talent gap that they had in the organization? U. S. Tire Supply chain organization’s main objective was to integrate the planning and functional operations which included the responsibilities of contact centers, order management, pricing administration, distribution and delivery, billing and accounts receivable. USTSC was structured so that Atlas can understand meet the needs of its customers that are classified under various segments likes consumer, commercial and off highway tires. The key goals of USTSC were – Lower the supply chain costs, – Boosting the customer services, – Improvement in the inventory management and associated working capital, – Simplifying the supply chain processes management of the business. Initially USTSC came across major challenge with regards to talent gap. Reduction in headcount from several years impacted the internal supply chain analytical and execution capabilities. Moreover with five different 3PL (third party logistics) the focus was emphasized in managing the suppliers rather than the operations. After a thorough evaluation USTSC concluded that SCM (Supply Chain Management) was never a core competency of Atlas. In order to bridge the gap USTSC obtained assistance from organization that had expertise in planning and managing the complex supply chains. The synergy of these organizations was mutually beneficial to all the parties. Collaboration in supply chain planning, process development and service execution fetched superior results. Due to this synergy Atlas was able to leverage the expertise of Global’s supply chain Global was in a position to gain a broader insight of Atlas’s requirements and supply chain capabilities. USTSC experienced a synergistic effect because of the Atlas-Global team and experienced more effective customer-supplier 3PL working model. Thus the talent gap was bridged by USTSC . Comment on the effectiveness of Atlas’ efforts to improve team-based strategic collaboration ? With the synergy of Global and Atlas, Atlas was in a position to leverage the expertise of Global’s supply chain Global was able to derive a broader insight of Atlas’s requirements and supply chain capabilities. Alas-Global USTSC was able to develop team-focused, strategy-driven relationships that were unique in the 3PL industry. The organizations consistently maintained an active effective coordinated participation across the supply chain sphere. Interactive teams from the three organizations facilitated the planning, developed and executed the key supply chain activities in order to achieve superior supply chain. The collaboration in team was very effective and was result oriented. The SCM team and the steering committee used to do brainstorming sessions to figure out new supply chain initiatives at the other end the operations team and the SCM team evaluated and ensured the potential projects that could be implemented effectively and are favorable. The relationship building between the organizations was effective and there was a strong executive support from the top management. The organizations attained mutual benefits and they experienced more effective customer-supplier 3PL working model. There was effective synchronization in the strategies with regards to process design and execution. Allocation of resources was well planned and the responsibilities were well defined. More focused on the opportunities available. The integration of the team performance was able to create superior supply chain capabilities within the industry. . As O’Brien, what strategies would you recommend to Atlas to: A) Gain greater control over inventory; B) Optimize the flow of products in the supply chain. In order to gain control over inventory to optimize the flow of products in supply chain: Implementing a centralized system within the 33 company owned regional distribution centers so that the information regarding supply chain, any innova tions and critical information are accessible to everyone at one single point of time. Effective integration of the 4 third party logistics providers’ services would generate superior results. Forecasting should be done collaboratively by the Atlas sales group and manufacturing group in order to arrive at accurate estimates. Implementation of the ERP system like SAP would make it easy to figure out inventory analysis. A centralized system like SAP would also create transparency, easy availability of data, accessible to concerned department in a timely manner, constant flow of information, demand and supply of inventory can be balanced and can avoid instances like stock outs or over inventory carrying costs, more reliable and realistic, helps in decision making process, implementing a centralized approach in the transportation system, a well defined standard service parameter should be set and should get authorized by the compliance, regular audits and inspections should be done in order to check if there are any violations. How to cite Rubber Company, Papers